Commands I've learned

Schedule automated tasks

crontab -e # Edit cron jobs
crontab -l # List cron jobs
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh

Create and extract tar archives

tar -czf backup.tar.gz /var/www # Create compressed backup
tar -xzf backup.tar.gz # Extract backup

Install packages using apt

sudo apt install -y nginx curl git

Update package repository information

sudo apt update # Update package lists

Upgrade installed packages

sudo apt upgrade -y # Upgrade all packages

Change directory

cd /var/www # Absolute path
cd .. # Parent directory

Change file permissions

chmod +x script.sh # Make executable
chmod 644 file.txt # Set specific permissions

Change file ownership

sudo chown user:group file.txt # Change owner and group

List directory contents

ls -la # Detailed list with hidden files

Create directories

mkdir -p /var/www/app # Create with parent directories

Clear browser cache and site data on macOS

Cmd + Shift + Delete # Chrome cache clear shortcut
chrome://settings/content/all # Site data management

Force browser to reload ignoring cache

Cmd + Shift + R # macOS hard refresh
Ctrl + Shift + R # Windows/Linux hard refresh

Clear Safari cache on macOS

Cmd + Option + E # Clear Safari cache
Safari → Develop → Empty Caches

Connect to MongoDB shell

mongo mongodb://localhost:27017/myapp

Create MySQL database backup

mysqldump -u root -p myapp > backup.sql

Create PostgreSQL database backup

pg_dump myapp > backup.sql

Connect to PostgreSQL database

psql -U postgres -d myapp

Connect to Redis server

redis-cli

Run automated deployment script

./deploy.sh # Execute deployment script with progress indicators

Sync project files to VPS excluding build artifacts

rsync -avz --progress --exclude 'node_modules' --exclude '.next' . forexuser@217.154.33.169:/var/www/fx-platform/

Copy single file to VPS via SCP

scp -P 2222 Acuity-Final.mq5 forexuser@217.154.33.169:~/

Connect to IONOS VPS with custom port

ssh -p 2222 forexuser@217.154.33.169 # Connect to DevHakim VPS

Complete deployment process for VPS

cd /var/www/devhakim && git pull && npm install && npm run build && pm2 restart devhakim

Check Docker version

docker --version

Build Docker image from Dockerfile

docker build -t myapp:latest . # Build image with tag

Build Docker image from Dockerfile

docker build -t my-app .

Execute interactive bash in running container

docker exec -it abc123def456 bash

View container logs

docker logs container-name # View logs
docker logs -f container-name # Follow logs

View container logs

docker logs abc123def456

List running containers

docker ps # Running containers
docker ps -a # All containers

Run container from image

docker run -p 3000:3000 myapp # Run with port mapping

Run container with port mapping

docker run -p 3000:3000 my-app

Run a test container to verify Docker installation

docker run hello-world

Stop running container

docker stop abc123def456

Remove all unused containers, images, and networks

docker system prune -a

Start services defined in docker-compose.yml

docker-compose up -d # Start in detached mode

Start services defined in docker-compose.yml in background

docker-compose up -d

Stage changes for commit

git add . # Stage all changes
git add file.txt # Stage specific file

Stage all changes for commit

git add .

List, create, or delete branches

git branch feature/new-login # Create branch
git branch -d old-branch # Delete branch

Switch branches or restore files

git checkout feature/new-login # Switch branch
git checkout -- file.txt # Restore file

Create and switch to new branch

git checkout -b feature/user-profile

Clone a repository from remote URL

git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git

Clone a remote repository to local machine

git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git

Commit staged changes

git commit -m "Add user authentication feature"

Commit staged changes with a message

git commit -m "Add user authentication feature"

Initialize a new Git repository

git init # Creates .git directory in current folder

Show commit history

git log --oneline --graph --all -20

Merge specified branch into current branch

git merge feature/user-authentication

Fetch and merge remote changes

git pull origin main # Pull latest changes from main

Pull latest changes from remote repository

git pull origin main

Push commits to remote repository

git push origin main # Push to main branch

Push commits to remote repository

git push origin main

Reset to previous commit and discard changes

git reset --hard HEAD~1

Temporarily save uncommitted changes

git stash save "work in progress"

Show the working directory status

git status # Shows modified, staged, and untracked files

Show disk space usage

df -h # Disk usage in human readable format

Show memory usage in human readable format

free -h # Memory usage with MB/GB units

Interactive process viewer

htop # Better than top, interactive UI

Monitor disk I/O usage

sudo iotop # Real-time disk I/O monitoring

Kill process by process ID

kill 1234

Monitor network usage per process

sudo nethogs # Network usage by process

Follow Nginx error logs in real-time

tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

Show system uptime and load

uptime # System uptime and load average

Display current username

whoami

Query X server settings and verify display connection

DISPLAY=:1 xset q

Kill process using port 3001

sudo fuser -k 3001/tcp

Check what's using port 3001

sudo lsof -i :3001

Check what process is using port 5000

sudo ss -tlnp | grep :5000

Test HTTP endpoints

curl http://localhost:3001 # Test API
curl -I https://domain.com # Headers only

Test HTTPS endpoints bypassing SSL verification

curl -k -I https://devhakim.com # Test HTTPS with insecure flag

Test HTTP to HTTPS redirects

curl -I http://devhakim.com # Check if HTTP redirects to HTTPS

List processes using network ports

lsof -i :3001 # Check what's using port 3001
lsof -i tcp # All TCP connections

Display network connections

sudo netstat -tlnp | grep :3002

Look up DNS information

nslookup domain.com # Check DNS resolution

Show listening ports and processes

sudo ss -tlnp | grep :80 # Check port 80
sudo ss -tlnp | grep -E "3001|3002|5000"

Send reload signal to Nginx master process

sudo nginx -s reload

Test nginx configuration

sudo nginx -t # Test configuration syntax

Reload Nginx configuration without stopping

sudo systemctl reload nginx

Restart nginx service

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Check nginx service status

sudo systemctl status nginx

Follow Nginx access logs in real-time

tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

Check for security vulnerabilities

npm audit # Show vulnerabilities
npm audit fix # Auto-fix issues

Clear npm cache to fix installation issues

npm cache clean --force

Initialize a new npm project

npm init -y # Skip questions and use defaults

Install dependencies from package.json

npm install # Install all dependencies
npm install express # Install specific package

Install package as development dependency

npm install --save-dev nodemon

Install a specific package

npm install express

List installed packages

npm list --depth=0 # Show top-level packages only

Run scripts defined in package.json

npm run dev # Start development server
npm run build # Build for production

Run npm script defined in package.json

npm run dev

Update packages to latest versions

npm update # Update all packages
npm update express # Update specific package

Execute package without installing globally

npx create-react-app my-app

Create new Next.js application

npx create-next-app@latest my-app --typescript --tailwind

Delete PM2 applications

pm2 delete all # Delete all apps
pm2 delete api # Delete specific app

View PM2 application logs

pm2 logs --lines 50 # Last 50 lines
pm2 logs api --lines 20 # Specific app

View PM2 logs with 50 lines

pm2 logs --lines 50

Restart PM2 applications

pm2 restart all # Restart all apps
pm2 restart api # Restart specific app

Save PM2 process list

pm2 save # Save current process list

Configure PM2 autostart on boot

pm2 save && pm2 startup

Start application with PM2

pm2 start server.js --name "api" # Start with custom name

Start API server with PM2

pm2 start server.js --name "forexacuity-api"

Generate startup script for PM2

pm2 startup # Auto-start PM2 on system boot

Show all PM2 processes

pm2 status # List all running processes

Stop PM2 applications

pm2 stop all # Stop all apps
pm2 stop api # Stop specific app

List installed packages with versions

pip freeze > requirements.txt # Export to file

Export installed packages to requirements file

pip freeze > requirements.txt

Install Python packages

pip install fastapi # Install specific package
pip install -r requirements.txt # Install from file

Install Python package using pip

pip install requests

Run Python tests with pytest

pytest tests/

Check Python version

python --version

Check Python path configuration

python -c "import sys; print(sys.path)"

Start simple HTTP server

python -m http.server 8000

Upgrade pip to latest version

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Run FastAPI server with uvicorn

python -m uvicorn main:app --reload --port 5000

Create Python virtual environment

python -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate

Create virtual environment

python -m venv venv

Run Python script

python app.py

Activate virtual environment

source venv/bin/activate # Linux/macOS
venv\Scripts\activate # Windows

Install SSL certificates with Certbot

sudo certbot --nginx -d forexacuity.co.uk -d www.forexacuity.co.uk

Manage fail2ban intrusion prevention

sudo fail2ban-client status # Show jail status
sudo fail2ban-client status sshd

Uncomplicated Firewall management

sudo ufw enable # Enable firewall
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp # Allow HTTP

Allow SSH on custom port through firewall

sudo ufw allow 2222/tcp

Allow HTTP and HTTPS through firewall

sudo ufw allow 80/tcp && sudo ufw allow 443/tcp

Check firewall status and rules

sudo ufw status verbose # Detailed firewall status

Synchronize files between local and remote

rsync -avz --progress -e "ssh -p 2222" local/ user@server-ip:/remote/

Secure copy files over SSH

scp -P 2222 local-file.txt user@server-ip:/remote/path/

Connect to remote server via SSH

ssh user@server-ip # Basic connection
ssh -p 2222 user@server-ip # Custom port

Create SSH tunnel for VNC access

ssh -L 5901:localhost:5900 -p 2222 -N forexuser@217.154.33.169 &

Connect to VPS via SSH on custom port

ssh -p 2222 forexuser@217.154.33.169

Copy SSH public key to remote server

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub user@server-ip

Generate SSH key pair

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your-email@example.com"

Generate SSH key for secure access

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "hakim@devhakim.com"

Generate SSL certificates with Let's Encrypt

sudo certbot --nginx -d domain.com -d www.domain.com

Reinstall SSL certificate and fix nginx configuration

sudo certbot --nginx -d devhakim.com -d www.devhakim.com --reinstall

List installed SSL certificates

sudo certbot certificates # Show all certificates

Renew SSL certificates

sudo certbot renew --dry-run # Test renewal
sudo certbot renew --quiet # Renew silently

Check SSL certificate details and validation

echo | openssl s_client -connect devhakim.com:443 -servername devhakim.com 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -subject -dates

Check systemd timers including SSL auto-renewal

systemctl list-timers | grep certbot # Check certbot auto-renewal status

Update system packages

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Display file contents

cat package.json

Change directory to specified path

cd /var/www/fx-platform

Make file executable

chmod +x ~/start-mt5.sh

Copy files or directories

cp .env.example .env.local

Add Node.js repository

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo bash -

Enable 32-bit architecture for Wine

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Set display environment variable for X11 applications

export DISPLAY=:1

Search for text pattern in files

grep "error" /var/log/nginx/error.log

List all files and directories with detailed info

ls -la

Create directory and parent directories if needed

mkdir -p ~/Downloads/installers

Move or rename files and directories

mv old-file.txt new-file.txt

Edit file with nano text editor

nano .env.local

Kill all processes containing "wine" in command line

pkill -f wine

Print working directory (show current location)

pwd

Remove files and directories recursively

rm -rf node_modules/

Download MT5 installer from official source

wget https://download.mql5.com/cdn/web/metaquotes.software.corp/mt5/mt5setup.exe

Find location of command executable

which node

View service logs

sudo journalctl -u nginx -f # Follow logs
sudo journalctl -u nginx --since "10 minutes ago"

Follow MT5 service logs in real-time

journalctl -u mt5 -f

Reload systemd configuration

sudo systemctl daemon-reload # After editing service files

Enable service to start on boot

sudo systemctl enable nginx

Enable X11 virtual display service

sudo systemctl enable x11-virtual

Start a service

sudo systemctl start nginx

Stop a service

sudo systemctl stop nginx

List user cron jobs

crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep certbot # Check certbot cron jobs

Find and kill processes using files/ports

sudo fuser -k 3001/tcp # Kill processes using port 3001

Check user group membership

groups # Show current user groups
groups username # Show specific user groups

Terminate processes by PID

kill -9 1234 # Force kill process
kill $(lsof -t -i:3001) # Kill process on port

List all running processes

ps aux | grep node # Find Node.js processes
ps aux | head -20

Find specific processes by name

ps aux | grep nginx # Find nginx processes
ps aux | grep node # Find Node.js processes

Follow log files in real-time

tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log # Follow nginx errors
tail -f app.log

Test X11 display connection

DISPLAY=:1 xdpyinfo | head -5

Start VNC server on virtual display

x11vnc -display :1 -nopw -forever -shared -rfbport 5900 &

Start virtual X display for headless GUI apps

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 -ac +extension GLX +render -noreset &

Display X11 window tree and hierarchy

DISPLAY=:1 xwininfo -root -tree

Start MT5 with virtual display

DISPLAY=:1 wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/MetaTrader\ 5/terminal64.exe

Clear Winetricks cache to fix dependency issues

rm -rf /home/forexuser/.cache/winetricks

Run Windows applications in Wine

wine setup.exe # Run Windows installer
DISPLAY=:1 wine terminal64.exe

Configure Wine to emulate Windows 10

wine reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion" /v CurrentVersion /t REG_SZ /d "10.0" /f

Configure Wine settings

winecfg # Open Wine configuration GUI

Stop Wine server and terminate all Wine processes

wineserver -k

Install Windows dependencies in Wine

winetricks corefonts vcrun2019 # Install common dependencies

Install Windows dependencies for MT5

winetricks corefonts vcrun2019 msxml6 msxml3